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n most cases, navcams are used to visually assess the rover's path. The images they receive can be viewed as three-dimensional "pictures" on Earth. NASA has developed specialized software designed to visualize the terrain and create a virtual model of the rover and the landscape around it. This virtual model is used to test the actions planned by the operators. If the emulation goes well, the commands can be sent to Mars. In this way, scientists save themselves from the possible negative consequences of sending an untested command.
Here's what the rover's motion emulation looks like after the model is fully ready. The gray areas are the areas of Mars that the rover will drive through in the near future. The orange-brown lines are the actual path of the rover. About 30 meters of the surface are simulated per day, the cameras simply can't collect more information, so the rover drives exactly that much.
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And here is the overlay of the rover's simulated path on real images obtained by navigation cameras.
When planning the movement of the rover, several important points need to be taken into account. For example, the size of objects encountered on the way. The maximum size that the rover can handle is about 50 cm. Anything larger needs to be bypassed. Sand (it's not quite sand, but we'll call it that) should also be bypassed: if there is a lot of it, the rover can get stuck. Even small pieces of rock are dangerous, because their sharp edges damage the rover's wheels.
Quickly, slowly or not at all?
Once scientists have determined the direction of travel, they need to figure out how to move. There are three modes: blind mode, visual odometry, and autonavigation.
Blind mode is the simplest possible way to move. The rover will follow the instructions sent from Earth and not pay attention to anything. Ideally, this is an excellent method of controlling the rover, but conditions paraguay number data on Mars are far from ideal. Most often, external factors affect the progress towards the goal. This can be, for example, the wheels slipping on the surface, so that instead of moving 10 meters, the rover moves 9 or even 5.
A great way to understand what blind steering is is to close your eyes and try to walk along a certain trajectory. For example, 7 meters forward, then turn 30 degrees to the left and walk another 4 meters. In this case, we have no idea at all what is happening around us and do not adapt to changing conditions.
Overall, blind control is not the best option, but it allows the rover to move quickly because the system does not have to stop to take pictures. At maximum speed, the rover can travel the length of a football field in just an hour. But this option is chosen only if there are no potentially dangerous objects around.
Visual odometry is used more often by operators. In this case, the rover stops every meter to take a picture of the ground with cameras. The on-board computer then evaluates the image, compares it with the previous one and tries to understand what has changed around it, including the rover's location. The computer then sends new navigation commands that allow it to stick to the planned path.
This method is similar to the previous one, only in the process of moving forward you need to stop every couple of steps to open your eyes and look around.
Here's what the rover's motion emulation looks like after the model is fully ready. The gray areas are the areas of Mars that the rover will drive through in the near future. The orange-brown lines are the actual path of the rover. About 30 meters of the surface are simulated per day, the cameras simply can't collect more information, so the rover drives exactly that much.
Video player
00:00
00:05
And here is the overlay of the rover's simulated path on real images obtained by navigation cameras.
When planning the movement of the rover, several important points need to be taken into account. For example, the size of objects encountered on the way. The maximum size that the rover can handle is about 50 cm. Anything larger needs to be bypassed. Sand (it's not quite sand, but we'll call it that) should also be bypassed: if there is a lot of it, the rover can get stuck. Even small pieces of rock are dangerous, because their sharp edges damage the rover's wheels.
Quickly, slowly or not at all?
Once scientists have determined the direction of travel, they need to figure out how to move. There are three modes: blind mode, visual odometry, and autonavigation.
Blind mode is the simplest possible way to move. The rover will follow the instructions sent from Earth and not pay attention to anything. Ideally, this is an excellent method of controlling the rover, but conditions paraguay number data on Mars are far from ideal. Most often, external factors affect the progress towards the goal. This can be, for example, the wheels slipping on the surface, so that instead of moving 10 meters, the rover moves 9 or even 5.
A great way to understand what blind steering is is to close your eyes and try to walk along a certain trajectory. For example, 7 meters forward, then turn 30 degrees to the left and walk another 4 meters. In this case, we have no idea at all what is happening around us and do not adapt to changing conditions.
Overall, blind control is not the best option, but it allows the rover to move quickly because the system does not have to stop to take pictures. At maximum speed, the rover can travel the length of a football field in just an hour. But this option is chosen only if there are no potentially dangerous objects around.
Visual odometry is used more often by operators. In this case, the rover stops every meter to take a picture of the ground with cameras. The on-board computer then evaluates the image, compares it with the previous one and tries to understand what has changed around it, including the rover's location. The computer then sends new navigation commands that allow it to stick to the planned path.
This method is similar to the previous one, only in the process of moving forward you need to stop every couple of steps to open your eyes and look around.